Natural resources in Thailand (RICE) Assignment

Natural resources in Thailand (RICE) - Assignment Example This has forced the government though its agencies to introduce policies like Bangkok Declaration on Mitigation of climate change to deal with pollution within the city of Bangkok. The private and public companies are encouraged to adopt green methods of transportation and production. As the result of the research I have done, the paper provides a reflection part that highlights the skills I have gained. Another section that the paper has included is the recommendations that I would provide for a company that I work as a leader. These touches on corporate social responsibility, employee training, improved wages and improved health care for farmers. Within the conclusion part, the paper indicates some of the most important issues that have been covered. With the increased global population, most countries have resulted to diversification of food products in order to have ability to feed their population thus enhancing their productivity. One of the food products that are common in developing as well as developed countries is rice. In Thailand, rice production represents a significant size of the country’s economy and labor force. Thailand has more than 9.2 million hectares of rice growing areas and the government is contemplating on increasing the hectares. One of the major reason as to why more farmers are now engaging on rice production is the support by the government after elimination of rice premium policy that discriminated the peasant farmers (Evenson, Robert, Mahabub, 1996). The government has adopted strong incentives for rice production an aspect that has made other stakeholders such as World Bank to provide similar support. In Thailand society, rice is central. Apart from being the source of nutrition for most of the households, it is the major export that has resulted to economic growth and increased job opportunities. Thailand is among the top five nations in rice cultivation and the second largest rice exporter in the world.

Deductive Argument Essay Example for Free

Deductive Argument Essay In this essay I will be arguing against Plato’s theory of knowledge given in the Republic’s divided line. I will distinguish the differences and similarities in the epistemological concepts of Plato and Aristotle intending to explain how one comes to have knowledge and the process through which it’s obtained. As support, I will explain Plato’s theory of forms and Aristotle’s theory of essence because they are a direct correlation to their view of knowledge through reality. Plato’s theory of Forms is a theory of knowledge and a theory of being. He describes, in the divided line, the division of existence. Plato believes the source of our knowledge is separate from this world. Participation connects us to this world. In the divided line he separates the visible and the intelligible or becoming and being. The top half is knowledge and the bottom half as opinion. The bottom half represent the lesser of reality, which includes perception and imagination, along with physical objects and shadows. The upper half includes metaphysics, higher forms, mathematical forms, epistemology, understanding and thinking. His theory of Forms involves images, sensible objects, concrete forms and abstract forms. Images are the lowest form of knowledge. Images only provide us with opinion and imagination. Sensible objects comes next which provides us with seeing something and having a belief about it by sensing it and perceiving it. Concrete forms allow us understanding, meaning we understand the parts of X by thinking. Finally, the highest form is the abstract form which is the most essential ‘pure thought’ of what X is. To Plato, this Essence is eternal and unchanging, making it necessary and true. According to Plato we know X, if and only if we have a direct grasp of X’s form or essence. Let’s break this argument down. So Imagination is a state of mind which takes sensible moral notions at face value just as it does sensible appearances or forms of the world at face value. For example, if you are viewing a palm tree you are using your imagination and Plato says is our opinion about what we are viewing, a palm tree. So imagination is perception and not knowledge. If A (Imagination is taking sensible notions and appearances or forms of the world at face value) then B (imagination is perception). A? B A ?B Using our common sense we have belief in the reality of the visible objects and concrete moral teachings (sufficient guide for action) without knowledge of the reason for such beliefs. Belief is faith and conviction, not knowledge. If C (Using our common sense we have belief in the reality of the visible objects and concrete moral teachings (sufficient guide for action) without knowledge of the reason for such beliefs) then D (belief is faith and conviction). C ? D C ?D If A (Imagination is taking sensible notions and appearances or forms of the world at face value), B (Imagination is perception), C (Using our common sense we have belief in the reality of the visible objects and concrete moral teachings (Sufficient guide for action) and D (Belief is faith and conviction), then E (Belief and imagination are opinion and not knowledge). A B C D ? E A B C D ?E Thinking is reasoning from premise to conclusion. This reasoning is the bridge from opinion to knowledge that is brought on by higher education, especially mathematics because pure mathematics and applied mathematics are tools used to understand X. Therefore, thinking is only understanding, not knowledge. So if F(thinking is reasoning from premise to conclusion and uses tools to gain understanding) then G(thinking is understanding). F? G F ?G From the â€Å"Good† or Episteme comes from intellect which consist of reason and dialect. This comes from philosophic conversation (dialect) by question and answer seeking (reasoning) an â€Å"account† of X. Therefore, knowledge or Episteme is the form of the ‘good’. So, If H (knowledge comes from philosophic conversation (dialect) by question and answer seeking (reasoning) an â€Å"account† of X) then I (we have knowledge or Episteme and the form of the ‘good’) H ? I H ?I If F (thinking is reasoning from premise to conclusion and uses tools to gain understanding), G (thinking is understanding), H (knowledge comes from philosophic conversation (dialect) by question and answer seeking (reasoning) an â€Å"account† of X) then I (we have knowledge or Episteme and the form of the ‘good’). F G H ? I FGH ?I Aristotle has similar concepts as Plato on knowledge that is best describes through his theory of Essence. He argues that scientific knowledge is the highest form of knowledge and is only concerned with this world and not a transcendent world like Plato. His forms include appearance, matter, concrete forms and abstract forms. He explains that we gain knowledge first through our senses and are able to view appearances. Using the senses activates our imagination that gives us opinion. After appearance is matter. When we engage in experience we come to know matter and by doing so we have belief. Similar to Plato, Aristotle claims concrete forms come next by knowing abstraction or the classification of X which provides us with understanding. And finally he agrees with Plato in that Abstract form is what makes X, X. By intellectually grasping the essence of X we have knowledge. Aristotle defines essence as the sense on matter and form. Matter is material and form is eternal. Appearances are imagination and imagination perceives only through the senses. Here Aristotle is in agreement with Plato in that if A (Imagination is a state of mind which takes sensible moral notions at face value just as it sensible appearances or forms of the world at face value) then B (imagination is perception). A? B A ?B Matter gives us belief because If C (Using our common sense we have belief in the reality of the visible objects and concrete moral teachings (sufficient guide for action) without knowledge of the reason for such beliefs) then D (belief is faith and conviction). C? D C ?D. The classification or abstraction of what distinguishes X over a different X is understanding. For example, to know what makes a palm tree, a palm tree and a coconut tree, a coconut tree. Therefore, thinking is understanding. So if F (thinking is reasoning from premise to conclusion and uses tools to gain understanding) then G (thinking is understanding). F ? G F ?G Plato argues knowledge comes from a ‘final good’ or â€Å"Goodness†, which is the level above scientific understanding to which the human mind is capable in rising. This rising to a higher level is called Episteme. He says that there is only one form (idea) of everything that only exists in the ‘thought universe’ or the ‘mind of the creator’. This intellectual truth is truer than physical truth. Aristotle on the other hand argues that knowledge come from the human essence tilos or rationality. So, knowledge is reaching rational activity excellently and scientific knowledge is the end of it. They both agree on essence being eternal and unchanging. They may separate from the matter, recycle and get involved with other matter but the forms are eternal and unchanging. I agree with Aristotle because Plato confuses the human ability of abstraction with independent existence. As humans we can generalize and find common features in separate objects such as red things but that does not mean that there exists somewhere something called redness. He is attempting to explain reality with the addition of a transcendent world. Aristotle is interested in explaining the world as a changing world; Plato’s forms do not change so they cannot help in explaining the phenomena of change in the empirical world. According to Aristotle, we do not acquire knowledge all in one moment but rather through a process. He says objects of real existence are the ones that we encounter through our sense perception, known as his theory of empiricism (which is too much to go further into) in this he argues again that all knowledge originates from experience. This contradicts Plato’s two world theory. I found it very hard to illustrate both views of knowledge because the extensive information they use to explain it so I broke it down in the way I understood it. In the end, I found myself becoming my own philosopher in researching the works of such great minds. I feel these arguments create the rationality that people forget to practice when it’s the one thing that separates us as humans. Works Cited Puanthanh Gangmei, Plato’s theory of knowledge and forms (www. blogcastor. com: October 16, 2011): http://blogcastor. com/plato%e2%80%99s-theory-of-knowledge-and-forms/, November 22 2011. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Epistemology http://faculty. washington. edu/smcohen/320/thforms. htm http://www. filthylucre. com/plato-versus-aristotle-theory-of-forms-and-causes http://www. iep. utm. edu/aristotl/ http://www. iep. utm. edu/aristotl/ http://www. iep. utm. edu/middlekn/

Citizenship :: Economics

Citizenship There are plenty of reasons for schools sending us to work experience. I believe that work experience gives us pupils a taste of the world of work. This would show and give the pupils a rough idea of how working life is. Also it will help them in the future on what they would be interested to achieve and what they would desire to be. In Kelmscott School they send us to work experience in Year 10. I worked in T.K. Maxx during my work experience. In my work experience I was an Associate. This meant I had to help do things around the building such as tagging, cleaning, tidying up and picking up stocks. The reason why I chose this job was because I wanted to learn new skills. The skills I hoped to acquire were to be punctual every day, work without supervision, work as a team member, and meet targets and deadlines and to use my time well so that the job gets done. Another reason why I chose this job was because of the location. It was near to my house. I chose this job in my school by doing a questionnaire first to help to identify areas of interest related to work. Then we had job categories where we were able to choose our placement from. I chose the job category Retail. These had jobs such as working in Sainsbury’s, HMV, and T.K Maxx etc. The job I chose made it suitable for me because I had personal qualities for instances I am a good communicator. I will have needed this because I had to speak to the general public. Also I am an excellent team worker so I will be able to work as a team member and work with others. In my work experience I hoped to achieve the following targets; to be able to arrive on time; to work as team member; to work without being supervised; to meet targets and deadlines and use the time well to complete the job told. During my work experience I did a number of different things. I was tagging nearly everyday. I had to tag things like clothes, shoes and other equipments. At first this was hard and I did a couple of items of clothing wrong, because I placed the tag in the wrong place. After a while I got used to it and according to my boss did an excellent job. I did 14 rails of clothes and I surpassed my target which was 10. After a day or two I started something different. I did what you call

Conflict in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essays -- William Shakespeare

An individual’s response to conditions of internal and external conflict is explored throughout literature. In his play, Hamlet, Shakespeare delves into the themes of appearance versus reality, lies versus deceit, rejection versus self doubt and tragedy, and in doing so attacks the frivolous state of humanity in contemporary society. In order to explore these themes, however, he uses several forms of conflict to project his opinions and expand his ideas relating to the themes of the play. Internal conflict, as well as external conflict are dominant features of his works, and in Hamlet are made evident through a succession of dire events which can attack and destroy someone. However perhaps the most captivating form of conflict Shakespeare uses to expand and explore the ideas presented within the text is the conflict between the self and the universe. Old Hamlet is killed by his brother Claudius. Only two months after her husband’s death a vulnerable Gertrude marries her husband’s brother Claudius. Gertrude’s weakness opens the door for Claudius to take the throne as the king of Denmark. Hamlet is outraged by this, he loses respect for his mother as he feels that she has rejected him and has taken no time to mourn her own husband’s death. One night old Hamlets ghost appears to prince Hamlet and tells him how he was poisoned by his own brother. Up until this point the kingdom of Denmark believed that old Hamlet had died of natural causes. As it was custom, prince Hamlet sought to avenge his father’s death. This leads Hamlet, the main character into a state of internal conflict as he agonises over what action and when to take it as to avenge his father’s death. Shakespeare’s play presents the reader with various forms of conflict which plague his characters. He explores these conflict s through the use of soliloquies, recurring motifs, structure and mirror plotting. Shakespeare uses external conflict in order to explore the theme of consequence, action and reaction in reaction in relation to consequence. Using the idea of external conflict, the playwright is able to demonstrate the aftermath of a difficult decision, leading to personal moral dilemma. This is made evident to the viewer when Hamlet kills Claudius. External conflict is used to explore Shakespeare’s view that man is a complex individual and that all actions have a consequence. The conseque... ...proach; via another character. Shakespeare uses conflict in Hamlet as a way of exploring ideas. He does this thorough the internal and external conflict that his characters face within the kingdom of Denmark. The conflict that follows is an outcome of lies and deceit which brings about tragedy. From this play we learn of the difficulty associated with taking a life as Hamlet agonises as to how and when he should kill Claudius and furthermore whether he should take his own life. Hamlet being a logical thinker undergoes major moral dilemma as he struggles to make accurate choices. From the internal conflict that the playwright expresses to us it is evident that it can kill someone, firstly mentally then physically. The idea of tragedy is explored in great detail through conflict where the playwright’s main message is brought across to the audience; Shakespeare stresses to his audience the point that conflict be it internal or external it can bring upon the downfall of great people and in turn have them suffer a tragic fate. It is Shakespeare’s aim to show us the complexity of man and that moral decisions are not easily made. Source Cited http://www.enotes.com/hamlet-text

Lighting Needs of Houses in Newbold Crossing

LIGHTING NEEDS OF THE HOUSE Glare problems; snow or bare ground Newbold is situated in the rural north-west sector of NSW, with Clarence River been the main body of water that passes directly through the area. According to results conducted by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts  (2009) the turbidity of this large body of water appears to be fair to poor. Turbidity takes into account suspended solids in the water and measures the clarity, absorption of light and the amount of light which gets scattered causing little to no glare to houses on the banks of the river. The topography of Newbold is mainly flat with a couple of gentle slopes, which consists of grass land, bare ground and the remainder of the area been surrounded by trees. As the majority of the days throughout the year are sunny with little or no overcast shadows. This means that there is an abundant amount of sunlight which hits the pasture and bare ground with the majority of the amount of sunlight been absorbed with small amounts uv-rays that bounce off and create minimal to no discomfort to the eyes. Pretoria in South Africa is geographically the same in essence as Newbold Crossing in NSW as the same phenomena with glare occurs there. Clarence Way, Newbold NSW 2460 http://maps. google. com. au/maps? hl=en&tab=wl Natural and artificial methods of lighting Ndebele houses in Pretoria, South Africa only had one opening which was the entrance into the house. As displayed in the picture below the entrance was typically facing the south, this meant that minimal amount of light entered the building. The source of light came from a fire which was set in the middle of the hut. Image 1 Ndebele traditional huts Traditional houses in Pretoria, South Africa have always aimed at eliminating the maximum amount of sunlight that could penetrate their huts. But through the years their huts have evolved and changed due to the influences that they had from the Sotho and Pedi neighbours. In respect to the dimensions of the entrance of their huts, they have gotten bigger meaning that further light could enter the building. This concept is similar to houses first built in Newbold Crossing. Initially they had small window dimensions, as they thought this would minimise the amount of heat that would enter the building, but they suffered from cold nights and low levels of lighting in houses. Soon they developed a new concept where they would have larger window dimensions to allow light into a house so that rooms would be illuminated, and so that relatively low amount of heat would be retained within the household for the cold night, making houses thermally more comfortable. This same concept lead to the idea of large windows been incorporated into Newbold Crossing. The concept has developed as houses in this region have solar passive design. The houses constructed have specific eave dimensions to counteract the amount of sunlight the building takes in. In the winter the sun has a low angle in respect to the horizon of the earth, and the maximum amount of sunlight is absorbed to maintain the building warm and well lit up. But in the summer the angle at which the sun is in respect to the horizon to the earth is greater, this is where the eaves are used to counteract the effect of direct sunlight by the building. To further avoid the abundant amount of direct sunlight, properties in Newbold have trees located in-front of large windows. In the centre and other areas of a house that sunlight does not reach, a skylight is put in place to aid with natural lighting and avoid carbon footprints. The artificial method of lighting in Newbold is through incandescent light bulbs and some of the newer houses use halogen downlights. But the Clarence Valley Council (corresponding council of Newbold) has set up initiatives and emphasised the use of compact fluorescent lights which have less wattage ower but in turn does not require the same amount of energy to run, therefore it uses less electricity and minimises carbon footprints. Taking in mind that there is plenty of sunlight throughout the whole year into households, so artificial lighting should only be used during the evening or for tasks that are complex and require good lighting. REFERENCE Australian Governement, 2009, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, viewed 9 May 2010, Dalton, J 1808, A new system of chemical philosophy, Deansgate, London.

Free Essays on Marines

civilians are "slow" and "messy" Marines are "fast" and "ready" civilians are "me" Marines are "us" who is stranger? me or us? this is the summer before the Marines and I am sitting in my green chair I can smell the Lake; marsh gras rotting and hear the clanking of sailboat masts. pushups and screaming will come later, now I can only see my dogs, basking in summer sun I go to school with people who do not understand why I have chosen the Marines. these are not things I can explain. these are feelings, the guts of my brain, and i cannot scoop them out and hand them around so that friends will understand me. I lead a divided life. I go to functions with Marines who cannot concieve of the place that I come from, or why I want to be one of them.... Free Essays on Marines Free Essays on Marines civilians are "slow" and "messy" Marines are "fast" and "ready" civilians are "me" Marines are "us" who is stranger? me or us? this is the summer before the Marines and I am sitting in my green chair I can smell the Lake; marsh gras rotting and hear the clanking of sailboat masts. pushups and screaming will come later, now I can only see my dogs, basking in summer sun I go to school with people who do not understand why I have chosen the Marines. these are not things I can explain. these are feelings, the guts of my brain, and i cannot scoop them out and hand them around so that friends will understand me. I lead a divided life. I go to functions with Marines who cannot concieve of the place that I come from, or why I want to be one of them....

Free Essays on Poe And Perverseness

Poe and Perverseness An extremely common state of mind known as perverseness is, quite possibly, the strongest driving force in Edgar Allan Poe’s, The Black Cat. In every one of us, although not so strong, there is a sense of stubbornness or perverseness. However, our stubbornness, such as, we must eat at a certain restaurant or wear a certain color of shirt is of a totally different type. The perverseness in the narrator of this story is a type that could put someone in prison for the rest of his or her life. When a person has gone through as many trials and hard times in a single lifetime, the possibility of mental issues is much more prevalent. Many of the occurrences in Poe’s stories cannot be understood without knowledge of his real-life background. The life of Edgar Poe began in 1809. Throughout his young life he was a model student and athlete. He excelled in school with little or no effort and was a record holder in the long jump. After losing his mother and step-mother to tuberculosis he began attending the, newly found, University of Virginia. However, his troubles did not end there. Soon after arriving, he created a severe debt for himself through gambling and was on the verge of poverty. Being forced to leave the University, he moved in with his aunt Maria Clemm. Not knowing it, he would here find the love of his life; Virginia Clemm. Virginia Clemm, however, was his cousin. Though that was socially acceptable at the time. After ten years of marriage he would finally lose her to tuberculosis. This tragedy then sent him into a spiraling state of depression (Poe, The Mystery†¦). One occurrence at the end of the story somehow sticks out. Poe states, â€Å"I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom (Poe, The Black Cat).† This statement can be translated in one of two ways: as a mark of arroganc... Free Essays on Poe And Perverseness Free Essays on Poe And Perverseness Poe and Perverseness An extremely common state of mind known as perverseness is, quite possibly, the strongest driving force in Edgar Allan Poe’s, The Black Cat. In every one of us, although not so strong, there is a sense of stubbornness or perverseness. However, our stubbornness, such as, we must eat at a certain restaurant or wear a certain color of shirt is of a totally different type. The perverseness in the narrator of this story is a type that could put someone in prison for the rest of his or her life. When a person has gone through as many trials and hard times in a single lifetime, the possibility of mental issues is much more prevalent. Many of the occurrences in Poe’s stories cannot be understood without knowledge of his real-life background. The life of Edgar Poe began in 1809. Throughout his young life he was a model student and athlete. He excelled in school with little or no effort and was a record holder in the long jump. After losing his mother and step-mother to tuberculosis he began attending the, newly found, University of Virginia. However, his troubles did not end there. Soon after arriving, he created a severe debt for himself through gambling and was on the verge of poverty. Being forced to leave the University, he moved in with his aunt Maria Clemm. Not knowing it, he would here find the love of his life; Virginia Clemm. Virginia Clemm, however, was his cousin. Though that was socially acceptable at the time. After ten years of marriage he would finally lose her to tuberculosis. This tragedy then sent him into a spiraling state of depression (Poe, The Mystery†¦). One occurrence at the end of the story somehow sticks out. Poe states, â€Å"I rapped heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife of my bosom (Poe, The Black Cat).† This statement can be translated in one of two ways: as a mark of arroganc...

Are You a Genuine Author

Are You a Genuine Author Sure you are. Writing is in your blood. You adore telling stories, and if you could, youd do nothing but write for a living . . . forever and ever. But do your readers know that? The majority of writers struggle to make that connection between themselves and readers. They assume their book speaks for them. But there are a gadzillion books out there, and until a reader loves the book and decides to know more about the author, that connection isnt made. Let me say it another way . . . do readers like you? Do they feel they are getting to know you? Are you reachable? Are you personable? How do readers know? They dont have to be groupie-in-love with you, but are they curious? Do they like what you represent? Sometimes its simply do they like your smile? Your love of cars, your love of travel. The fact you bake quiche, paint chicken pictures, or garden spaghetti squash. How can they relate to you? After all, you wouldnt put yourself out there if you didnt want to be friends, right? Your job as an author is not only to write a good book and market it well, but you have to make readers enjoy the fact you are there for them. And to do that is to act like you appreciate them. You dont have time for all of that? Then how do you expect readers to have time to read your work? The connection is more about relationships than  you may think. Some ideas to show your care: 1) Make every single blurb you sign in your book different, and relatable. 2) Answer all emails from readers timely. 3) Wish people happy birthday on Facebook . . . and say more than just Happy Birthday. 4) Give advice when asked. You dont have to write a thousand words. Just the fact you gave back matters. 5) Give back. Review other books often. Not only will the author appreciate it, but others who read the reviews will recognize your name, your sincerity, and your respect for reviews. 6) Appear at someone elses reading, speaking engagement, class, presentation. 7) Recommend others. 8) Congratulate others. 9) Welcome others. 10) Thank others. It isnt about your book. It isnt just about you. Its about making readers and other authors (who are your readers, too) feel good that they are in your world. It isnt hard once you think about it.

Price Floors and Ceilings in the Dairy Industry Research Paper

Price Floors and Ceilings in the Dairy Industry - Research Paper Example Whereas it may be convenient to assume that perfect competition exists within many markets around the world, the fact of the matter is that governments often provide subsidies and encourage price floors and/or ceilings as a manner of ensuring the domestic production capability of a given industry or enterprise. Oftentimes, this is done as a means of ensuring that the domestic production capability will remain constant; regardless of the shifts and changes in supply and demand that are evidenced as a function of a true capital market. For purposes of this brief analysis, the author will focus upon the dairy industry in the existence up price floors and ceilings that are represented throughout. Through such an examination, it is the hope of this author that the reader will come to a more full and complete understanding of the means by which these price floors and ceilings work to keep something of a static market and prices resiliently unchanged; seemingly regardless of how the market might move at any given time. The obvious rationale for these price floors and ceilings is with respect to the fact that individuals within society, oftentimes the most vulnerable, will not be in danger of being unable to afford many of the common nutritional components of a healthy lifestyle. Conversely, these price floors and ceilings exist as a way of ensuring that producers will not choose to leave the market and a relatively static level of production capability will be exhibited; due to the fact that producers are assured the fact that they will not make below a given level of profit upon each gallon of milk produced. Firstly, with regards to the social welfare theory that is aptly represented within this particular case, the price ceiling that exists denotes the fact that the individual consumer within the economy will not be expected to pay more than a given amount for a gallon of milk. This has a powerful impact upon the way in which the domestic economy operates due to the fact that a litany of different products derive their ultimate price based upon the dairy market. Whereas milk itself is the primary complement, cheese, butter, protein, way, and a litany of other substances and food products are all derived from the primary milk that exists within the dairy market itself. As such, by creating a price ceiling, secondary and tertiary producers are also given a level of assurance that the cost of production for their individual commodities will not fluctuate greatly from one period of time to the next (Dairy Industry, 2004). This ultimately serves as a type of insurance through which different food producers can rely upon the fact that even though demand for products might change, the supply and price of the compound and goods which are required to produce a given food substance are likely to remain close to if not exactly the same price as they are within the current market. Comparatively, the existence of a price ceiling within the dairy industry d enotes a level of social welfare with regards to the consumer; however, a level of subsidization and ultimate benefit also exists within this same market when one considers the price floors that exist. The price floors that exists within the dairy market are ultimately a means of assuring the producer that regardless of what shifts market takes, the producer will still be guaranteed a minimum price for each gallon of milk that they produce. This assurance allows the producers to differentiate their industry and develop in a way that they might otherwise not; if they were more concerned with the continual shifts and

'My ideal Classroom within my ideal School Essay

'My ideal Classroom within my ideal School - Essay Example Many of the more pragmatic suggestions for creating an ideal classroom in research literature related to secondary education, but interestingly the two projects currently attempting to construct an ideal classroom are focussing on the primary age range. With the practicalities of constructing an ideal classroom at an early stage in academic literature, a more philosophical approach is taken in this essay. From this perspective, practical ideas are discussed in terms of why they are thought to be ideal. As the notion of an ideal classroom is as much theoretical as a practical concern, I do not judge the existing literature to be lacking as empirical research into an ideal classroom would be heavily dependent upon its culture and context, arguably suffering from a lack of generalisability from its very nature.The role of education and educatorsThe broader role of education discussed by Wragg in Moon et al. (2002) includes flexibility, that the aim is simply to meet students’ nee ds. While this slightly dodges a question by posing another question (e.g. who determines and limits the needs), the intent suggests that the concept of ‘ideal’ has to be a fluid one. An ideal classroom now may not be one in 20 years, nor is the ideal classroom for a London school necessarily ideal for a similar school in Hull. The concept of an ideal classroom and school may be culture-bound as much as it is resource-driven, so it is necessary to strictly define for what purpose the classroom is ‘ideal'.

European Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

European Law Assignment - Essay Example The consignment of jam is clearly â€Å"goods† for the purposes of the Treaty and as the case of SIOT v Ministry of Finance 2asserted; freedom of movement and transit within the Community constitutes a prima facie fundamental of community law. Furthermore, the Article 28 provision is also intended to ensure non-discrimination between domestic and foreign products of Member States3. Furthermore, Article 30 (ex 25) formally abolishes customs duties and any other charges having equivalent effect and provides that: â€Å"Member states shall refrain from introducing between themselves any customs duties on imports and exports or any charges having equivalent effect, and from increasing those which they already apply in their trade with each other4† If France’s restrictions on Jessica’s exports are found to be in breach of Article 30, Jessica will only have recourse under EU law if Article 25 has â€Å"direct effect5†. The case of Francovich v. ... lity of Article 30 and â€Å"measures of equivalent effect† was considered in the leading case of Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen9, where the ECJ asserted that Article 12 (now 30) had direct effect. As such, the Treaty provisions were required to be applied by national courts as domestic law. Accordingly, Article 30 can be invoked before national courts and is applicable as national law in the EU member states. Therefore, in the current scenario, Jessica can invoke the Article 30 rights against France and each of the other territories imposing restrictions as members of the EU. Furthermore, it is also important to mention that EC case law has established that Treaty provisions have direct effect and direct applicability giving nationals rights under the Treaty provisions in national law10. Accordingly, Jessica may under Article 30 claim that France has breached EU law and the next issue is to determine what constitutes a breach for the purpose of A rticle 30. The fee imposed by France is imposed by the customs department for the purpose of testing suitability of the consignment for the French market. Although the fee being charged by France is not expressed in terms of being a customs duty, it could still be illegal under Article 30 for being a â€Å"measure of equivalent effect†. In considering the definition of measures of equivalent effect, the ECJ held in the Re Statistical Levy case, Commission v. Italy 11that the term â€Å"charges of equivalent effect† was: â€Å"any pecuniary charge, however small and whatever its designation and mode of application, which imposed unilaterally on domestic and foreign goods by reason of the fact that they cross a frontier, and which is not a customs duty in the strict sense, constitutes a charge†¦. even if

Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait Essay

Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait - Essay Example There are several cases that domestic workers, who have been abused by their employers tries to escape and the Kuwaiti law allows the employers to sue these domestic workers for trying to abscond and they get these workers deported at the end of the day (Human Rights Watch, 2010). This trend can only encourage modern-day slavery in Kuwait as there have not been stringent laws to curb the excesses of employers that abuse their domestic workers. This situation is rather different from the one in the United States of America as the government of the country has made efforts to reduce the problem of modern-day slavery to the barest minimum. The US government has given the domestic workers the right to sue their employers whenever they feel they have been maltreated by them. Thus, the modern-day slavery in Kuwait seems to be more terrible than the one in the US and this is due to the fact that the domestic workers in US have the right to protest against harsh treatment, while the ones in Kuwait have not been granted that privilege (Human Rights Watch, 2010).

General Motors Global Competitive Strategy Case Study

General Motors Global Competitive Strategy - Case Study Example The paper will involve a thorough analysis of General Motor’s (GM) global competitive strategy which will be explained on the basis of the ‘Star analysis.’ GM is a US-based multinational car manufacturing company which has a significant worldwide presence operating in 157 countries (Yahoo finance, 2013). Its global competitive strategy can be best explained through the following perspectives as highlighted by the Star framework. Home Country After the company was bailed out during the 2007-08 financial crises, GM has experienced drastic changes in the way it conducts its business and implements its strategies. New and influential members were hired in order to form a highly efficient management team which included Daniel Akerson as the CEO. He took control into his own hands and shook the company’s bureaucratic organizational culture thereby inducing new strategies and visions to the business. The company’s strategy in its home country has been small er but leaner in order to be cost competitive. GM currently manufactures and sells 18 different automobile brands in order to satisfy the needs of the customers. The company has been able to achieve a significant market share in its home country because of its extensive knowledge regarding the US market and its consumers (Jurevicius, 2013). GM’s strategy in its home country has been to focus on fewer brands. Their idea is to leverage global resources in order to create the most gripping vehicles and technologies. They plan to reinvest cash and profits into their vehicle and technology division on a consistent basis, regardless of the business cycle.

Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait Essay

Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait - Essay Example There are several cases that domestic workers, who have been abused by their employers tries to escape and the Kuwaiti law allows the employers to sue these domestic workers for trying to abscond and they get these workers deported at the end of the day (Human Rights Watch, 2010). This trend can only encourage modern-day slavery in Kuwait as there have not been stringent laws to curb the excesses of employers that abuse their domestic workers. This situation is rather different from the one in the United States of America as the government of the country has made efforts to reduce the problem of modern-day slavery to the barest minimum. The US government has given the domestic workers the right to sue their employers whenever they feel they have been maltreated by them. Thus, the modern-day slavery in Kuwait seems to be more terrible than the one in the US and this is due to the fact that the domestic workers in US have the right to protest against harsh treatment, while the ones in Kuwait have not been granted that privilege (Human Rights Watch, 2010).

Union and cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Union and cooperation - Essay Example This is the journey I was to involve in, given that one of my closest relative and also a friend was a victim of the disease. While other victims were seeking help from the VCT, I took an initiative of always hanging around him like never before. I possessed the belief that efforts towards the victims were necessary. I was then the only closest friend he had, not even did he consider the help of VCT because of the stigmatization experience he had with one of the workers. I always ensured that I paid a closer attention because of the health care adversities I believed are associated with the disease. Every day, I accompanied him in a 30 minutes run around our town just to keep him fit. However, for my mum and others they considered that there were meagre chances of managing the influence of the disease in an individual; consequently, there was no need for dying to care for my cousin. Apart from the care, I also took responsibility of reminding him about the importance of taking the treatments as prescribed by the doctor. After reading an article written by The South African Medical Research Council I came across an English word, â€Å"adherence† which in the context was used as powerful medical glossary for the people living with HIV/AIDS (Gina et al, 69). Intuitively, I had to find a way of levitating the level of adherence within my victim, to ensure that he was always devoted to the medical advice. Further, I taught him the need for nursing hopes that there are still more days to live asserts that stigmatization. Nonetheless, I found it hard to achieve my goal since my victim had the belief that the ultimate consequence of HIV/AIDS is death, as the result of the perception held by the society towards the victim. From this I realized that the discrimination by other individuals in the society triggers the victims into feeling that there is little hope for the futility of the medical advices.

Understanding Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

Understanding Consumer Behavior Essay Why is understanding consumer behavior of such importance to marketers? Give examples of how marketers apply their understanding of consumer behavior to their marketing strategies. The study of Consumer behavior plays an importance role to the marketers which need to study in how individuals, groups and organizations select, buy, use and dispose of goods, services, idea or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. The marketers need to research and understand how the study of consumer behavior works and only can positioning their production in the particular groups of people. Marketers need to considered about the factors that affecting the consumer buying behavior before starting a business. Some of the factors that may influence consumer purchase decisions are the cultural influences, social influences, personal factors and psychological factors. Those of the factors are vital when using them to apply as the marketing strategies. For example the marketers are planning to launch a non-halal restaurant in a new shopping complex. Firstly, the marketers need to considered throughout the factors that affecting their consumer behavior. For the cultural influences, the marketers need to concern about the nationalities, religions and values norms or the lifestyle of their target consumer. So in this case the halal users are not be able to visit the restaurant since it touch the religions issue. Therefore the marketers have to change their strategies or set the restaurant in other places which accept with the constraints. Furthermore, the occupation, lifestyle and economic situation of consumer are affecting a people buying decision. When comes to the introduction of sports car, family group of people will rather consider to buy a family car whereas some upper social class of people will take it as consideration. For the people in working class are usually driving a normal car or take public transportation. In this case, the marketers should selling the sports car to the consumer who taking the high salary in upper class. Therefore, the marketers need to understand which group of consumer they are targeting and put on focus to target them.

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers. This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company. Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money. The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development. Table of content Introduction 1 Hypothesis 1 Research Questions 2 Aims and objectives 2 Literature review 2 Methodology 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 8 Reference 10 Introduction Managers are always looking for ways to create a motivational environment in which associates (workers) to work at their best levels to achieve organization goals. Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers (Lynch, 2003). An example of monetary rewards is mutual funds given by organizational pension plans or insurance programs. As it has been proposed that employees, depending on their age, have diverse requirements relating to rewards, traditional rewards packages are being changed with alternatives for attracting younger employees (Nelson, 2009). This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company (Kohn, 2009). The study will also emphasize the importance of monetary and non monetary rewards in the organization. It is expected that this study will help business enterprises in their functions as well as facilitate them to use rewards schemes which would optimize the output and performance of their business functions (Zigon, 2008). The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development (Kepner, 2010). Hypothesis Hypothesis has been formulated below: Organizations monetary and non monetary rewards programs have a huge impact on the employees job performance as well as the productivity and development of the company. Research Questions To what degree is the efficiency, adequately relevance of these rewards to the whole performance of employees? To what degree are these different kinds of rewards set up by the companies? To what extent is the rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and motivation of the employees? How management may use rewards to persuade workers to improve and increase productivity? What are the rewards considered by employees to be non-monetary rewards? Aims and objectives To look at the extent to which these rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and employees performance. To analysis the efficiency, adequacy and significance of these rewards programs to the overall performance of individual employee or group of employees. To inspect the extent the company is attaining its goals for administering these rewards. Literature review People work so as to satisfy their requirements and these requirements may be met by monetary rewards. Monetary rewards are refund in cash and in form of money for a given work done by workers in the company (Hansen, 2010). Workers would go any level to enhance their cash income as they will do something to avoid their source of income from being removed. The fact that workers fear to lose their jobs, cash has been a very efficient motivator only because money is necessary for continued existence in an economy (Dunham, 2009). Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money(Kepner, 2010). The effort-to-performance expectation is sturdily persuaded by the performance assessment which is frequently part of the reward system. A worker is probable to use extra effort if he or she understands that performance will be assessed, appraised, and rewarded. The expectancy of performance-to-outcome is influenced by the level to which the worker thinks that performance will be followed by rewards (Allen, 2007). Lastly, every reward or potential reward has to some extent different value for every individual. An individual can want a promotion more than reimbursement; somebody else can want only the opposite (Nelson, 2009). When a company rewards a whole work group or team for its performance, collaboration among the members typically enhances. Though, competition among different teams for rewards may cause decline in whole performance under definite situations. The most general team or group rewards are plans of gain sharing, where worker teams which meet certain objectives share i n the gains measured against performance targets (Shutan, 2010). Frequently, programs of gain sharing emphasize on quality enhancement, reduction of cost, and other quantifiable results (Kepner, 2010). Despite the positive role monetary rewards have played, employees have a tendency to have different approach and a manner towards money rewards (Hansen, 2010). The most general of the different reaction to salary and wages by employees is that once it crosses lowest levels, it is regarded as a measure of fairness. (Kohn, 2009) posited non-monetary rewards as extreme benefits made accessible to staff and are regarded as an addition to salaries and wages. It contains direct as well as indirect reimbursement (Shutan, 2010). The direct reimbursement can contain profit-sharing, illness pay, pension plans, and so on (Kerachsky, 2009). The indirect reimbursement can include welfare services, social as well as recreational facilities, etc. Pay, if merely it could be correctly packaged would someway lead to the desired approach to work. Perception of employee of his pay with respect to other employees of same position could influence the satisfaction, which he obtains from the job. The aim of monetary rewards is to reward workers for outstanding performance through money (Nelson, 2009). Monetary rewards contain profit sharing, stock options, and project bonuses, scheduled and warrant bonuses (Allen, 2007). The aim of non-monetary rewards is to reward employees for brilliant job performance by opportunities. Non- monetary rewards contain training, flexible work hours, satisfying work environment and vacations. Employees encounter issues, disturbances, and dissatisfactions in their environment of work where certain rewards are de-emphasized. So as to increase and improve the rewards of employees, trade unions serve as a way of developing the terms and conditions for workers, enhance rewards rates, raise employees status, protect members against unjust practices and also struggle for protection of service (Kepner, 2010). Trade union Act 1990 offers that worker has a right to get all employment benefits which are stated in documents of service, containing the offer letter, and the condition of service and in joint agreement (Kerachsky, 2009). A stability of monetary and non- monetary rewards must be employed to satisfy the different requirements and interests of workers. Monetary rewards persuade fulfillment rather than risk taking since most rewards depend only on performance and discourage workers from being innovative in their place of work. Apart from these kinds of strategies of performance, reward system of an organization is its most fundamental tool for dealing with employee performance (Allen, 2007). Reward system of an organization is the formal as well as informal systems by which workers performance is described, assessed, and rewarded (Kohn, 2009). Organizational reward may influence performance, manners, activities, and motivation. Therefore, it is significant for organizations to recognize and appreciate obviously their significance. Though employee attitudes like satisfaction are not a main determinant of job performance, they are however essential (Kepner, 2010). Extrinsic rewards affect satisfaction of e mployee, which, sequentially, plays a chief role in verifying whether an employee reward system (Zigon, 2008). The formal and informal systems by which performance of employee is identified, appraised, and rewarded will remain on the job or search for a new job (Kerachsky, 2009). Reward systems also affect patterns of attendance and absence; if rewards are based on real performance, employees have a tendency to work hard to get those rewards. Methodology This chapter contains imminent into the research design and strategy for the study. It emphasizes on what to study, how to study and when to study; the main objective of the study is to monitor the management of total quality and examine techniques in business environment. Research Design Basically, field study approach survey will be applied for this study due to its weird nature. Though, questionnaires will be the main tool to collect data for this study. The questionnaires will be prepared carefully and simply designed so as to make sure simple answering; to get reliabilities in responses of respondents and at same time to remove uncertainty and suspension. Meanwhile, secondary research will also been used in this study. Secondary research is frequently less expensive than surveys and is very efficient in getting information regarding communications needs of peoples and their responses to and vision about particular communications. It is frequently the technique of choice in cases where quantitative measurement is not necessary. Sample and sampling techniques Therefore, the sample techniques will consider thirty (30) employees randomly selected from a reputed organization. Data Collection The major process for data collection of this study is through questionnaires; the ordered questionnaire will be distributed to the randomly selected employees. Literature Selection Criteria The literature selection criteria are twofold: significance and the year of publication. Search Technique Libraries containing online databases are accessed to obtain the most appropriate and updated literature. Some of the online databases which are used include: EBSCO, Emerald, Blackwell, and so on. Theoretical Framework For this study as already said the secondary research technique is used and all the relevant data was gathered through books, journals and articles. Discussion The non-monetary rewards like training and development in a company have positive impacts on employee performances, work, and a company can minimize cost as well as boosts efficiency; good working environment in a company will also get better employees performances (Kohn, 2009). Monetary and non-monetary rewards differ in their roles, efficiency, and suitability, depending on the kinds of rewards (Allen, 2007). Rewards in fact hamper employees and organizations by reducing employees motivation, job satisfaction and interest. This is only the opposite of what rewards were made to do. Rewards should consider the employees for whom they were made (Kerachsky, 2009). A balance between monetary as well as non-monetary rewards must be employed for satisfying the diverse requirements and interests of employees. Creating a balance sheet is an easy exercise which may be used to evaluate rewards programs. On one side of the balance sheet, list each and every rewards program (both monetary plus non-monetary) of the company (Kohn, 2009). On the other side list all the results (whether preferred or not) which may be attributed to these rewards. Areas of development and enhancement would be those outcomes and results recognized as undesirable (Zigon, 2008). Promoted workers will amplify his/her efforts as well as performances in work place and assessment of employee performance manipulates employees performance; welfare of employee, pension, and medical facilities also helps successful performances, finally the employees prefer monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards (Kepner, 2010). Individual performance is usually found out by three things: motivation (the wish to do the job), capability (the ability to do the job), and the environment of work (the resources required to do the job). If a worker lacks capability, the manager can give training or replace, the employee. If there is a resource issue, the manager can do it correct (Kerachsky, 2009). But if motivation is the issue, the job for the manager is more challenging. Individual performance is a multifaceted fact, and the manager can be pushed to understand the specific nature of the issue and how to resolve it (Kohn, 2009). Hence, motivation is significant due to its importance as a determinant of performance and due to its intangible nature (Kerachsky, 2009). Many special rewards programs which offer awards to individuals have been utilized, ranging from one-time contests to meet performance targets to rewards for performance eventually (Hansen, 2010). Though special programs can also be built up for groups and for whole companies, these programs frequently emphasize on rewarding just high-performing individuals. Conclusion The outcomes of this study make three contributions. Primary, this study contributes to the logical and experiential literature on multi-action settings by giving facts about the impacts of non-monetary rewards (Kohn, 2009). The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs (Nelson, 2009). While logical explanations is unsuccessful to stimulate better performance than when no justification is given, this result must be understood carefully as the explanation also gives related information which is not present when no explanation is given, that can not be true in all settings (Kepner, 2010). The study thus concludes that there are obvious relations between monetary rewards and employees performance; fringe benefit can stimulate employees performance (Kohn, 2009). Though, some of the major goals of training employee contain, increase in production, lesser labor turn over rate, higher confidence and better management and training facilitates to decrease cost as it enhances productivity, and promotes objective congruency. Lack of training raises rate of absenteeism, low productivity, bad quality and refuses and results in high unit cost. Non-monetary rewards, good working environment promotion, better management, employees welfare, programs, medical facilities, pension, helps increases in performances of employees and employee desired monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards.

Strategic Leadership Essay example -- Business Management Studies

Strategic Leadership The only thing harder than being a strategic leader is trying to define the entire scope of strategic leadership a broad, difficult concept. We cannot always define it or describe it in every detail, but we recognize it in action. This type of leadership involves microscopic perceptions and macroscopic expectations. Volumes have been written on the subject, which may in fact contribute to the difficulty of grasping the concept. One finds confusing and sometimes conflicting information on this blended concept that involves the vagaries of strategy and the behavioral art of leadership. Sometimes the methods and models used to explain it are more complicated than the concept and practice of strategic leadership itself. Exercising this kind of leadership is complicated, but understanding it doesn’t have to be. Beginning with a definition and characterization of strategic leadership and then exploring components of the strategic environment may prove helpful. Future leaders must also recognize the nature of that environment. Finally, they should also have some familiarity with ways of developing competencies for dealing with the broad, new challenges that are part of leading in the strategic environment. What Is Strategic Leadership. The common usage of the term strategic is related to the concept of strategy—simply a plan of action for accomplishing a goal. One finds both broad and narrow senses of the adjective strategic. Narrowly, the term denotes operating directly against military or industrial installations of an enemy during the conduct of war with the intent of destroying his military potential. Today, strategic is used more often in its broader sense. Thus, we use it to relate something’s primary importance or its quintessential aspect for instance, the most advantageous, complex, difficult, or potentially damaging challenge to a nation, organization, culture, people, place, or object. When we recognize and use strategic in this broad sense, we append such meanings as the most important long-range planning, the most complex and profound decisions, and the most advantageous effects from a bombing campaign as well as leaders with the highest conceptual ability to make decisions. As mentioned earlier, strategy is a plan whose aim is to link ends, ways, and means. The difficult part involves t... ...e, again, to expand their perspective and increase their conceptual ability. In fact, many of them are experts in a number of unrelated fields. Becoming a dual expert helps one think in multiple dimensions. After committing to some or all of these development activities, potential leaders should reflect on each activity as a way of mining the total benefit and seeking greater meaning. They will also benefit from mentoring other leaders and being mentored themselves. When mentors share their experiences, they help others know and understand them. Conclusion The many components of the strategic-leadership environment challenge even the best leaders. The monumental consequences of strategic decisions call for individuals with unique performance abilities who can navigate the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity inherent in the nature of those decisions. Aspiring leaders can rise to the challenge by undergoing self-assessment and personal development. Accepting the demands of strategic leadership involves a transition from the art of the familiar to the art of the possible. This is the realm of strategic leadership and the strategic environment.

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

GEORGE ORWELL'S 1984 THE BOOK 1984 BY GEORGE ORWELL IS ABOUT A MAN NAMED WINSTON SMITH. HE LIVES IN THE COUNTRY OF OCEANIA. IN THIS COUNTRY EVERY THING IS CONTROLLED BY A PARTY NAMED THE BIG BROTHER. THIS PARTY CONTROLLS EVERY THING FROM FOOD RATIONS TO WHAT PEOPLE CAN THINK. THEY EVEN HAVE TELLASCREANS EVERY WHERE SO THEY CAN WATCH PEOPLE AT ALL TIMES. WINSTON WORKS IN NEWSPEAK. NEWSPEAK IS WERE THEY EVENT SIMPILAR WORDS SO THEY CAN ELEMINATE OTHER WORDS TO MAKE THE LANGUAGE SIMPILIAR. WINSTON LIVES A PRETTY NORMAL LIVE UNTILL HE JOINS A UNDERGROUND PARTY CALLED THE BROTHERHOOD. HE JOINS THIS BECAUSE HE DOES NOT BELIEVE IN WHAT THE BIG BROTHER IS DOING AND HE THINKS IT IS WRONG. THE BROTHERHOOD IS AGAINST THE BIG BROTHER AND IS TRYING TO END ITS POWER. IN THIS PARTY THEY TELL WINSTON EVERY THING THE BIG BROTHER IS NOT TELLING THEM THINGS LIKE WHO OCEANIA IS REALLY AT WAR WITH AND EVERY THING THAT THE BIG BROTHER HAD BEEN LYING TO THEM ABOUT. IN THIS PARTY WINSTON MEETS A GIRL NAMED JULIA. OVER A PERIOD OF TIME THEY FALL IN LOVE. THEY HAVE SEX FOR A LONG TIME BUT HAVING SEX IS ILLEGAL IN OCEANIA. SO THEY HAVE TO HIDE.THEY FIND A SPOT IN THE FORREST WHERE NO ONE KNOWS ABOUT SO THEY WONT GET CAUGHT. AFTER A FEW MONTHS THEY FIND A BETTER SPOT THAT THEY RENTED FROM A FREIND. THEY USED THIS PLACE FOR A FEW MONTHS. UNTILL ONE NIGHT WHEN THEY FELL A SLEEP AND IN THE MORNING THEY WOKE UP TO THE POLICE TAKING THE TO JAIL. THEY TAKE THEM TO A PLACE WHERE THEY ARE QUESTIONED AND INNTERRIAGATED UNTILL THEY BREAK DOWN AND CONFESS. THEY ARE TAKING THERE AND TORRTURED AND BRAIN WASHED UNTILL THEY BELIVE WHAT THE PARTY TELLS THEM. THEY USED THE THING WINSTON WAS MOST AFRAID OF AND THATS RATS. SEEING THE RATS MADE HIM YELL OUT DONT

Oprah is a name that needs no introduction Essay

Oprah is so well-known that she doesn’t even need a last name! Her early years in her career were influenced strongly by viewing Barbara Walters on The Today Show. She was a senior in high school when she entered a contest. Upon entering the contest she had to choose a career goal. Her choice was broadcast journalism because the other contestants chose to be a nurse and teacher. This choice turned out to be a very wise choice. She won the contest! This win landed her a job as a newscaster while still attending Tennessee State University. Although the stress of a job and college were taxing, Oprah loved the business and knew this was an actual viable option for her. This led Oprah to a job at Baltimore’s largest television station. She was at first on, then off, the evening news. She was then placed on an early morning interview show where she felt the click -This Is It! This is my future! Her obstacles were many. She was a woman, she was African-American, she was poor but she wasn’t a quitter. She knew to succeed meant to keep on her path and to not lose sight of her goal. She knew this by the time she was three or four years old. She knew that she would accomplish something spectacular. And indeed she has; she began hosting a television show in 1984 in Chicago which soon became syndicated. She knew that to remain successful and in a leadership position that she needed to purchase her show, in which she did. This led to many other ventures in her life such as the cable channel Oxygen and her magazine, O. She is so successful that she was acknowledged as the wealthiest African American woman in entertainment. Life Magazine also listed her in â€Å"The Most 100 Influential People of the 20th Century† in 1998. See more: how to write an introduction Oprah has become so influential because she is living proof that adversity can be overcome. Abuse can be overcome. Poverty and racism can be overcome. She is an icon to all of those that struggle. Her openness about her battle with her weight is just another avenue for people to connect with and be influenced by her. She’s open about her past, people relate to that. Influence is power, especially if you show the shoes that you have traveled in. She is an advocate for African Americans, women, children, poverty, and racism. She touches nearly everyone in some facet of their life. Oprah’s leadership style is ‘Lead By Example. We have watched her air her abuse stories on air as well as her weight problems. This humanizes her as well as openly shows that any weakness can become a strength if one perseveres. She never leads by letting others pave the way. She paves the way! She opens doors for education of minorities in impoverished countries that most of the world has chosen to forget. She also leads through compassion and conviction. What impresses me most about Oprah is she never allowed herself to â€Å"stay down. † She had always managed to overcome all of her personal and professional obstacles to achieve personal and professional success. She values her personal growth and success more, and there again, it shows that she is only human like the rest of us. Even if she were to become poor today, she would still keep trying to learn the life lessons that have made her strong and truly convicted in her belief system. Conversely, what I found unimpressive is her over-playing the race card at times. If she promotes a movie that is predominately African American, she is overly friendly and has even been noted to share some â€Å"private† moment on air that the rest of America may not understand. The favoritism toward these fellow African-Americans can sometimes be nauseating.

Case Study Accountancy And Management Education Essay

Personality:This the most of import characteristic of any single. In simple we can state that personality is what which constitutes differentiation of individual & A ; individualism. We can besides specify personality in following ways as given under: *Something said or written which refers to the individual, behavior etc. , of some single, particularly something of a disparaging or violative nature, personal comments as indulgence in personalities. *That quality of jurisprudence which concerns the status, province, and capacity of individuals. *The composite of all the properties — behavioural, temperamental, emotional and mental and that characterize a alone person, â€Å" their different reactions reflected their really different personalities † . It the nature to assist others. These definitions present the best thought about personality.Personality Development OpportunitiesTo do the program ordered, foremost, self-awareness is really of import. I can merely specify my scheme and subject after I know what my strengths and developmental countries are. However, for me, I ‘m certain I know these really good. I have strengths on dutifulness, cautiousnesss and artistic involvements, but I need to better myself on the countries of cooperation, activity-level and imaginativeness. Knowing myself specially and Bettering my developmental countries while continue working on my strengths, I can better myself comprehensively.ASelf personality Exploration:Strengths ;The first strength of me is dutifulness. I ‘m a individual who has a strong sense of responsibility and duty. For me, I feel dutifulness is really of import for a individual either as single or a squad member because I believe â€Å" no hurting, no addition † . As a consequence, when I rece ive a work, I pay one hundred per centum attending to make it carefully and complete it on clip. I arrange my agenda ordered to do certain I do n't detain in something. As I making these, I have made myself go a dependable individual. Second, I ‘m friendliness. Like what the IPIP-NEO paper describes about friendliness, friendliness people make friends rapidly and easy to organize near relationship. They treat friends truly and openly, and they can allow their friends feel comfy with them. I do all of these things of course. It ‘s like I was born with optimistic. I like to do friends and stay with my friends. I may concern about their jobs and assist them every bit much as I can when they are needed. I do n't experience tiring when they complain something or speak their unhappiness to me. I think friend is a really of import group for me in my life. If I do n't hold friends any longer, I would non accomplish either my life or calling ends successfully. Third, I have abundant artistic involvements. I like both art and nature beauty with all my bosom. I like to detect people ‘s visual aspect and idiosyncrasy because I believe everyone has their alone beauty no affair indoors or outside. Absorbing the different beauties from different people no affair they are in the existent life or from their professions, I make my ain manner and make my peculiar aesthetic foresights. Besides, I like to go to different topographic points to see their peculiar natural and human landscapes. It makes me experience my life in this universe is colourful. These three strengths are showed evidently in my life. Because of them, I have gained a batch of worthy values and memories in my early life ; moreover, they make my ends further.Failings ;However, when I province my strengths, my failings which include low ability on cooperation, low activity-level and deficit of imaginativeness besides show evidently. First of my failings which is a serious job for me is low ability on the cooperation. Even though I ‘m an optimistic and friendly individual, I do n't wish to work with people initiatively. For some grounds, I do n't believe working with others is more effectual than working separately and I do n't wish to deny my ain demands to acquire along with others. I ever think in my manner and want people agree with me. It ‘s a small hard for me collaborating with others to carry through undertakings. Second, I ‘m low in activity-level. Although I ever say I like the busy life which I can affect in many activities and travel approximately energetically, I ca n't do it come true in my existent life. I about ne'er complete the prep at the first several yearss when the professor assigns it. Besides, I ever give myself an alibi to hold remainder or hold to make something unnecessarily. It ‘s like I become far off to the busy life but live in a relaxed and slow gait. Third, I ‘m short of imaginativeness. I ca n't understand why a individual with high artistic involvements is deficiency of imaginativeness ; nevertheless, I am such kind of individual. In fact, because of my slow gait of life, I leave myself in a place that merely to accommodate the existent life but non to alter it or to hold an ideal imaginativeness of it. Like, I would non conceive of that one twenty-four hours I will go a prince and married with the princess or I will go a ace theoretical account because I merely know it will ne'er come true.A By traveling through all my peculiar strengths and failings, I clearly know my existent place now. To carry through my ends and be successful, merely saying failings is non plenty, I besides need to do an effectual scheme to assist myself in accomplishing my ends. I need the cognition modesty, engagement on particular activities, academic preparation, personal preparation, work experience and on-the occupation preparation to assist me to better both my strengths and developmental countries.Personality Development Plan ;Short-Term Development Path Objectives ( 1-6 months ) ;In order to accomplish my life and calling ends, in the first 1-6 months, for cognition, I need to make good in my categories in following two quarters and read more books to distribute my ideas and cognition. I besides need to fall in more activities to better my cooperate accomplishment. Last but non least is that I need to seek my best to accommodate the life in UK. I non merely necessitate to better my English accomplishments but besides need to affect in UK pupils ‘ life so that I can both better my cooperate accomplishment and increase my activity-level.AMedium-Term Development Path Objectives ( 6-12 months ) ;After completing this short program, I need to hold an betterment in my preparation degree. Now I need to believe about how I can better my developmental countries specifically. Besides larning more cognition non merely from the books but besides from the society, I need to pay attending in every small facet of life. I need to believe more about others and make every small thing more active such as finish the prep every bit shortly as possible, make reappraisal and prevue everyday and exercising every twenty-four hours. I besides need to affect in some nines to better my cooperation ability and increase activity-level. Trying to happen a occupation on campus is besides a good manner for me to better my developmental countries. It will non merely assist me to collaborate better with others but besides can increase my imaginativeness from the emphasis work. By believing about the summer holiday is in this term, I schedule myself to hold a wood coal drawing and dancing preparations in following summer. In order to increase my imaginativeness, I need to derive more about the artistic cognition and feelings. I need to do myself unrecorded in my universe easy ; nevertheless, when I am pulling and dancing, I can easy to utilize fantasy to make a richer universe.Long-Term Development Path Goals ( 1-3 old ages ) ;In this last period, I will give myself a extremely betterment. From the cognition, merely to cognize the constructs studied in the text edition is far from adequate. To believe logically how finance and selling apply in the concern country and how can I turn the cognition to the actions with accomplishment and easiness are the chief intents for my betterment in this cherished period of life. I need to absorb other schoolmate ‘s advantages and professor ‘s experience in the concern country carefully from every category and group undertaking. After I gain adequate and well-set cognition, I need to happen an internship in an investing bank or an international corporation to use my cognition rely on the existent state of affairss. For this program, I combine the academic preparation and work experience to give myself a deep betterment non merely in cooperation but besides in activity-level. Besides, besides deriving academic preparation and work experience, I need to give myself a personal preparation in the art country. Because I want to work in a manner trade name, it ‘s perfectly that I need to hold cognition related to art and manner. Due to the concern school ca n't give me developing in this country ; I need to make it by myself. I will give myself a pulling preparation in every holiday in the coming old ages. In add-on, I will go to some manner nines on the cyberspace with people who study in the art big leagues. By speaking with them, I will cognize what academic cognition I need to hold needfully and seek to larn them by myself or by taking class preparation. By taking this program, I will better my cooperation accomplishment, activity-level and increase my imaginativeness and artistic involvements together while I ‘m larning the academic art accomplishments.Individual Personality Development Plan of Action ;Making a program is really of import for success ; nevertheless, in order to do the program more effectual, the program needs to be specific into actions. In my development program, I pick of import actions to do them specifically. The actions I pick are self-study, internship and engagement on particular undertaking. I need to carry through two sorts of internship which are working in an investing bank and working in an international corporation in the following three old ages. I will take to work in an investing bank foremost because I ‘m majoring in finance now. I need to use my cognition to the existent state of affairss to happen my failing and better myself. This action will be finished at the beginning of the junior twelvemonth. After I finish this internship, I ‘m certain I will larn a batch about the concern country and have a high betterment on my developmental countries. Then, in the senior twelvemonth, I will get down my following internship which is related more close to my concluding end. Because I have already done an internship, I know what I need to make and necessitate to better better than earlier. Therefore, this clip, when I work in an international corporation, I need seek to carry through my undertakings absolutely by handling myself as a formal member of the corporation. This internship will be finished at the terminal of my of my survey.Decision ;In decision, in order to accomplish every end in my life, making an single personal development program is really of import. It non merely can assist me to cognize my exi stent place specifically but besides can allow me believe and make every action logically and orderly. Bing a selling manager in an international manner corporation is non that easy. However, I ‘m certain I can accomplish my end by following my plan measure by measure. Because of my involvements, difficult work and continuity, I believe there is one twenty-four hours I will hold a large calling in the manner country.

Research Based Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Based Critical Review - Essay Example As a commonly known fact, with power, there comes a great amount of responsibilities as well. In case of newspapers, the responsibilities are identified in terms of journalism attitudes and philosophies. Ever since the newspapers have been acting as a key mass media, its prime role can be identified as conveying various political, social, military along with economic facts to its readers. Evident from the historical presence of newspapers behind various revolutions, it becomes apparent that the conveyed facts can easily persuade a mass towards social dilapidation as well as exceptional developments. It thus turns out to be the responsibility of the tabloids to preserve fairness towards the disclosed facts, concentrating on the need of development of the overall humanity rather than signifying the interests of a few (Curran & Seaton, 2009). Based on this ideology, the discussion hereafter will attempt to develop a critical understanding of the role played by â€Å"The Sun†, a r enowned tabloid in the United Kingdom; taking into consideration the degree of power it possesses to persuade the society. Overview of the Newspaper- â€Å"The Sun† The Sun is a daily national newspaper of repute in the United Kingdom. The newspaper tabloid was incepted in the year 1964 that currently covers regional or local news, jobs, sports, business and community events among others. The Sun is owned by an Australian company named News Corporation which is renowned as one of the publicly traded organisations performing its business operations globally (Mondo Code LLC, 2012). The former editor of The Sun, Mr. Sydney Jacobson, considered the newspaper as a radical one in the UK and stated that its ideology predicting that the tabloid would be completely autonomous in functioning as a powerful media channel and will not possess any kind of partiality concerning the political parties or the movements. Furthermore, he also made it distinct that the newspaper would be entirely free in order to employ its own thoughts and activities (BBC, 2005). Since then, The Sun has been playing its role based on the idioms of transparency and impartiality in the British newspaper industry. Role of â€Å"The Sun† As a Tabloid in the Industry The concept of tabloids is principally considered as an aggressive tool that executes sensationalism and provides importance to any issue that arouses public interest. The different events that include scandals, crimes, sports, politics and even economic specifications fall under the categorisation of tabloids. The introduction of tabloids in UK was initially traced in the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, Mr. Rupert Murdoch, the Chairman of News Corporation continued the aspect of tabloidization in print media industry of Britain through The Sun. In general, as can be witnessed in the British Newspaper Industry, the idea of tabloidization has been viewed simply as a media transition rather being a composite phenom enon which is driven by the agenda in relation to public welfare and has been like wisely considered by The Sun. Furthermore, it presents dissimilar cultures as well as lifestyles which

World Vision's Marketing Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World Vision's Marketing Strategy - Case Study Example One main point that can be noticed in this case is the innovation that has been applied in the marketing in the church as the publications, as these are the ones that can make people more aware of the strategies and goals that World Vision has. Walker, (2008) say that in case of the marketing strategy that has been used on the general New Zealand public is not innovative enough and it has failed to attract the audience from the country. The same kinds of the marketing starategies have been used by all the other charity organizations. The television ads need to make the audience realise the fact of the poverty as well as the horrors that are associated with it. The advertisements have been using the celebrities and this has been the most commonly used strategy these days which has not been too effective. Bradley, (2005) says that in order to raise more and more money and to gain more exposure there is an increasing need for the sponsors especially in the case of the organizations which are working on the char

Anti Drinking Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anti Drinking Campaign - Essay Example The purpose of the college is to develop all round persons through following the college’s core values such as excellence and efficiency, responsiveness, positive collaborations, hard work, teamwork, diversity as well as honesty and adherence to ethical practices. This paper presents an anti-drinking campaign proposal for Kings College board of directors regarding the college’s reputation for being a party college notorious for underage drinking for so long. Underage drinking remains a leading problem in Kings College as well as a public health problem in America. About five thousand young people under twenty one years of age die each year as a result of underage drinking from alcohol related poisoning, car crushes, suicides, injuries and homicides. Besides being illegal, underage drinking remains widespread with youths within age 12-20 reported to undertake binge drinking in a 2009 underage drinking statistics representing 10.4 million youths in the United States. It c ould be attributed to, but not limited to, peer pressure, stress and the desire for or increased independence. The observed signs of underage drinking in Kings College encompass behavioral and academic problems in school, less care in physical appearance and/or interest in college activities, coordination problems and varying groups of friends. In addition, college students have problems relating to slurred speech, memory and concentration, mood swipes, little energy levels as well as getting a scent of alcohol on their breath and finding alcohol in their belongings. The dangers of underage drinking include impaired judgment, serious injuries, increased risks of sexual and physical assault, interference with brain development, increased risks of future alcohol related problems, the use of other drugs and trouble with the law and in school (NIAAA, 2012; Hanes, 2012). This ant-drinking campaign hailed as ‘Underage Drinking!!! Think Again’ remains an impactful advertisemen t which intends to stimulate personal review of drinking conduct and resilient condemnation of public drunkenness that could cause both emotional and physical harm, especially of innocent persons. The ‘Underage Drinking!!! Think Again’ campaign became well-versed by extensive consultation and research about how underage students feel about the deep-rooted cultural insights existing in America regarding alcohol consumption, public drunkenness and excessive drinking. The campaign builds on the positive comebacks to the successful drinking awareness campaigns. It would establish an innovative thought and meaning in relation to a certain aspects of alcohol consumption among underage college students, that is, to emphasize the disadvantage of losing control of one’s sense of self, a widely held drinking myth in contemporary American society. The advertisement campaign features taped laughter, reflecting the point that lots of underage college students do regard certai n drunken tricks as being rather funny. Then it progresses to a dramatic end where the laughter discontinues, and the viewer becomes challenged through a question: â€Å"Are you honest with yourself?†. The ‘Underage Drinking!!! Think Again’ campaign would go on for the next one year. The CCTV based advertisement would run on the college’

Why i want to be a nurse and my plan for the future in nursing Essay

Why i want to be a nurse and my plan for the future in nursing - Essay Example Nursing is an extensive professional field. It therefore calls for intensive understanding and acquisition of knowledge on protecting, promoting and optimizing human health and offering care to needy individuals and communities, which the American Nurses Association, ANA (2014) documents as the core function of the profession. As a practicing registered nurse, Empire State College provides the perfect placement because it not only provides the opportunity to acquire such knowledge but also provides the flexibility of enrolling for part-time, online or face-to-face courses. I aim at advancing my nursing skills and have thus set my professional goals at further developing my understanding of nursing practice and critical thinking skills. This is in line with the BSN program mission that promotes the advancement of education among RNs to enable them provide comprehensive and evidence-based nursing care. This course would also pave way for my advancement into leadership position in this career. I appreciate that leadership in nursing is a critical role that calls for endowment with the requisite knowledge to promptly make decisive decisions. BSN would therefore ensure that I am well equipped for this

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Case analysis - Essay Example The management needs to change this policy, and initiate a rotational policy, where employees would manage to work at different sections of the produce department. Another area that the management should change is favoritism. An example of favoritism occurs Denise, a new employee manages to get two dollar an hour, as opposed to other experienced workers such as Dan. This is because Denise is only three months old into the job, and she is earning more than other workers, despite carrying out the same job. This is a de-motivating factor that needs to be handled and corrected. Dan is also an authoritarian leader, who does not follow rules, and he finds pleasure in harassing his employees (Robbins & Judge, 2010). For instance, he does not allow his employee a 45 minute lunch break as required by the company. Instead, he requires his employees to have a 30 minute break, which is not sufficient. Furthermore, he abuses Alex, regarding his mental ability, which is very bad for a supervisor to do. This aspect has to be changed, because it is a de-motivator, and it manages to destroy the confidence of his employees and workforce. This would in turn make these employees not to be productive. One of the theories of motivation that applies to this case, is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. According to this theoretical framework, the needs of an individual are classified into five categories, with higher needs being self-actualization, and self-esteem (Hoffmann, 2007). Self actualization and self-esteem lack in this produce department.All these lack at the produce department, under the leadership of Dan. This is because people cannot advance in their careers, because they are given the same job year for a longer period of time. Furthermore, the job is not challenging, because the same job daily is boring and frustrating. This is the reason Alex was considering leaving the organization. Self-esteem also lacks at this department, because the

Mcdonald Case Study Essay Example for Free

Mcdonald Case Study Essay Mission Statement McDonald’s mission statement is: McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. Strategy McDonald’s competitive strategy competes on several bases, including cost, respond, speed, and health issue. Their strongest priority is â€Å"making customers happy†. Product Maturity McDonald’s in is the mature stage of their product life cycle. All the competitors are known and established. This means that they go for more of a cost structure to have a cheap product while still maintaining the MacDonald’s quality. Because the franchise maintains the same product line they can focus on cutting costs. Product Development Process MacDonald’s uses product development teams to gather many minds as a resource for ideas. This allows for the cooks, marketers, service representatives, and others to sit together and think from many different angles to come up with a product. When coming up with a product together, they try to identify potential target markets to penetrate or needs that are not being fulfilled. This is all done in a food studio in Oak Brook, Illinois. They then test the product in a small test market for 6 weeks. And then if successful there they expand the test markets to 800 to 1,000 restaurants. Ethical Performance McDonald considers priorities for food safety, product quality and costs. The facts are together with ethical, environmental and economic responsibilities. Moreover, McDonald had been pushing effort on animal welfare. McDonalds Recognized on worlds most ethical Companies List on 2009. Quality System At McDonald’s, quality is the #1 priority when serving customers. McDonalds delivers quality both through products and services by actively training each employee so that a high standard is set for the food they create. They also purchase their products from high class companies such as their fries from McCain and their drinks from Minute Maid. Process Strategy McDonald’s uses a process focus strategy by developing a system that can be used in every McDonalds you go in to. For example, when entering McDonald’s for a Big Mac meal, one employee takes the order at the counter and gets the drink, another is at the fry machine always making sure fries are made fresh, and a third employee is making the burger. Technology Strategy Along with McDonalds new approach to revamp its physical exterior image much is changing inside the restaurant itself from a technology aspect. Recently McDonalds has introduced WI-FI into many of their outlets providing customers with free access to internet to surf the web or check emails while they enjoy a meal or just a coffee. What McDonalds hopes to achieve with this is to create a more welcoming atmosphere where the food is still fast but the stay is longer and more enjoyable. The internet is one such feature where people can keep in touch while outside of the office without a need for rushing back but also McDonalds has introduced new flat screen televisions which play the local news. These technologic features with cozy leather couches and a new sleek interior look is intended to keep up with the technology changes that go on outside of the restaurant. The building itself is changing as well. McDonalds has introduced a new ventilation system in the building that quickly whisks the kitchen smells such as the burgers and fries outside of the dining room. No longer does the kitchen smell linger into the dining room providing a cleaner and more appealing way to dine within the restaurant. The kitchen is being constantly upgraded for faster and better service and McDonalds is currently looking at installing new grills that will enable them to provide their number one success all day; the breakfast menu.

Flood Coping Mechanisms

Flood Coping Mechanisms Adaptive Strategies of household in terms of flood coping mechanism. Introduction Background of the problem International and national literature related to the problem to be studied Floods are defined as extremely high flows of river, whereby water inundates flood plains or terrains outside the water-confined major river channels. Flood hazard is measured by probability occurrence of their damaging values, conceived generally as flood risk, or by their impact on society, conceives usually as the loss of lives and material damage to society (Rossi et al., 1994). Flood is natural events that can occur at any time and often able to create loss and damage that can be suffered by property, population and environment. Flood event cannot be prevented, but it can only be controlled and reduced the impact. Flood came relatively quickly, so we must have the effective strategies in order to reduce the impact from flood event. Flood is the most damaging event in Indonesia. Of total disaster in Indonesia, 57.43% is floods. Those events cause 587,190 affected people and 68 casualties (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNBP/National Coordinating Board for the Management of Disaster), 2008). Geographically, Sampang is located in Madura Island and included as plain area because it has elevation almost the same as sea level. Due to this physical condition, Sampang, as a waterfront city, has been suffering with flooding almost every year. Combination between high intensity of rainfall and high tide of sea, improved water discharge of Kamoning River and then inundated several areas in Sampang. The triggering factor is small holding capacity of Kamoning River. The strategies from local community to cope the flood are mostly developed by the initiative of affected community in inundated area. For instance, they have added the floor height or the number of floor in order to avoid the water flow and save their belongings. The coping activities that have been done by local community revealed due to the disability of local community to move in safer area. Besides, those coping strategies also have uniqueness related to the physical condition of this area. It means that the strategies can be explored through several perspectives, e.g. the magnitude of flood, income, education, etc. By elaborating the existing adaptive strategies in Sampang Regency, it is expected that the general and specific description of flood coping strategies can be obtained as an effort to establish the recommendation in case of local government policy in facing with a given flood. 1.2. Statement of Problem Flood becomes a major issue for the local government of Sampang Regency because it is one of the most frequent and most disastrous natural events. Tremendous losses and damages as results of severe flood have been occurred. Historically, Sampang City already has been stricken severe flood in three times which were in 1921, 1991 and 2002. The most flood disaster in Sampang was in 2002, where a third area of Sampang was affected and caused more than 14 casualties, many damaged houses and public infrastructures, and many evacuated people. The recent of flood occurrence in Sampang were in 2008 and 2009, where the flood event has a little damaged. The flood occurrences in this regency demanded the awareness both from local community and local government for conducting disaster reduction actions. Those actions were aimed to minimize the impact of flood. One of those actions is flood investigation in terms of flood characteristics and coping strategies. The action is intended to gather information related to the characteristic of flood, how the affected community survive with flood, and the coping strategies that have been done by the local government. The collected information about flood and flood coping strategies will be useful as an important input to arrange capacity improvement in disaster reduction process. On the other words, local community and local government will be involved in establishing the more appropriate flood coping strategies, particularly by examining flood characteristics and existing flood coping mechanism. Moreover, it can be decided whether the existing flood coping strategies are adequate or not. There are many parts of Sampang Regency which are often stricken by flood every year, but the study about flood has not been done yet. Besides, more detail of local community’s strategies in overcoming the flood is not established. Local government commonly only calculated the losses and damages without investigating the flood characteristics and coping strategies done by local community. Find the thesis with Sampang as study area. Research Objective General objective of this research is to identify the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood event and local government actions in supporting the strategies. The general objective is then elaborated into four specific objectives, as follow: To identify the characteristics of the flood. To explore the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood. To recognize influencing factors of selected adaptive strategies. To identify the government strategies in terms of reducing the flood impacts. Research Questions The main question of this research is what are the adaptive strategies of households to cope the flood event and how can local government support the adaptive strategies in reducing the impact of flood Sub questions are: What are the characteristics of the flood event? What are the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood? What are the factors that influence the selecting adaptive strategies? What have done by local government to cope the flood in term of reducing the impact of the flood event? Research Method * Make the adaptations necessary to adjust the text according to your own situation: Type of Research The type of research is an explanatory research which seeks to identify the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood event and local government actions in supporting the strategies of household. This research will use qualitative and quantitative method. 2.2. Data Collection Literature study Secondary data will be collected mainly from government institutions, various data will be collected is listed on the following table: Table Secondary Data No Data Type Source 1 Annual report of JFP Perum year 2008 JFP, Perum of JFP 2 Documentation of tidal flood (picture and report) JFP, NJM 3 Fisheries statistic year 2008 JFP, BPS, Perum of JFP, NJFA 4 Spatial Plan NJM 5 Flood Preventing Program JFP, NJM Flood Preventing Program JFP, NJM Secondary data such as (reports, articles, etc) will be collected through a literature study from (governmental agencies, private, other). The sources of secondary data are shown in the following table X; 2.2.2. Fieldwork Primary data will be collected through a fieldwork for (duration, time of the data collection and place (s)). The research instruments will be a combination of an (in-depth interview, survey with questionnaires, others). The choice of key respondents (government officials/ experts, others) for interviews (with semi-closed interviews, closed interviews, etc) is based on a (purposive or other way of sampling). Further, the list of respondents to be interviewed is shown in the table X1; The research population at which the survey about (perception or other issue) using (questionnaires and/or other instrument) will be applied to (citizens, NGOs, etc..) The sampling technique for selecting respondents from citizens is a (purposive, random, or other) sampling. Considerin g that time and finance are the main limitations of the research, the expected number of respondents is X . The dissemination of questionnaires will be done by (visiting offices, schools/campuses and association centers of respondents, by using internet or other means). The list of respondents is presented in the following table X2; 2.3. Data Analysis How your collected data will be analyzed, techniques to be used for the analysis (statistic methods: means, percentages, frequency distribution, etc)) and for the display and organization of the collected data (tables, matrix, graphic (type)). Unit of Analysis, Variables and Indicators Unit of analysis of this research is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Variables and indicators are summarized in the following table X3; 2.6. Research Design In order to have a clear guidance about how to do the research, it is necessary to make a research design. The research design consists of some stages as is shown in the following figure X The thesis report will be structured into X chapters. Those six chapters are as follows; Chapter 1 includes the background of the problem, problem statement, justification of study, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses. Chapter 2 deals with literature review/conceptual framework used in the research. Chapter 3 describes the general condition of the research area. Chapter 4 explains the research method. Chapter 5 discusses the results/findings of the research. Chapter 6 is concerned with conclusions and recommendations Time Framework Table X; Important dates and deadlines Budget Table X; Budget of research Reference List Appendix 1; Copy of the Interview Questions to be used in the field visit Appendix 2; Copy (s) of the Questionnaire(s) to be used in the field visit. Appendix 3; Map of the research area. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD Research method used deals with the goals and objectives achieved in this study. It consists of pre field, data collection method and data analysis method. Preparation This stage has main purpose to prepare some certain materials which will be used in the field data collection. There are three main activities, which are literature review, design survey, and questioner. The literature review is a process to obtain research background justification and to formulate research questions. Then, it is harnessed as a guide in the research process. The literature review itself yields a theoretical background that provides framework analysis of the research. It also organizes such kind of research which should be accomplished in order to achieve the research objective. Data Collection The data needed for the research analysis are primary and secondary data. Primary data collection interview both household and contact person in particular community (government official, community leader, NGO, etc). Questioner distribution will be held by considering the number of samples taken. In this case, the number of samples is obtained by using the following equation (Public Work Department): n = [image] Where : n = The number of samples N = The number of population (3 Sub district 29337) d = The level of significancy for about 10% (it represents all population) Regarding to the equation, the number of samples used is 100 samples (see the following calculation): = 99,66 = 100 On the other side, the secondary data are gathered from literature review and previous research reports. Secondary data are the available statistical data compiled from those institutions. The result of this fieldwork is a database containing all information related with people perception on flooding, physical aspects (structural types of buildings and building contents) and socio-economic aspects (age, gender, occupation, income, educational level, length of stay and housing status) and people’s coping mechanism due to flood. Data Analysis Method The method of analysis is a descriptive analysis that explores and investigates the data. Questionnaires were double checked for differences and corrected, and individual and housing records linked using SPSS software. The main variables collected from the households interviews such as : height of water level during flood, and the duration, flood history, coping mechanism, and the socio –economic were analysed. From the analysis, it is expected to find a new integrated flood management that is possible to apply in overcoming flood hazard in Sampang Regency. The output from this analysis process will be utilized as a guide to develop a new flood management system. Research Question Variables Indicators Data Source Interview Question Numbers What are the characteristics of the flood event? Characteristic of flood History of Flood Cause the Flood Flood Depth Flood Duration Interview (using questionnaires) with households, and observation The Impact of Flood Physical Damage Infrastructure House/Building Appliance Furniture Outside properties Economic Income Occupation Disruption in business Social Injuries sustain Illness suffered Loss of life Interview (using questionnaires) with households, and observation What are the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood? Economic Reconstruction of house with the reinforced material Preparing place for storage at the higher place Storing basic food items such as : rice and sugar Building dikes in front of house using sand bags Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Fixing things Continue working Purchasing cheap food Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Saving money Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Technological/structural Construction of house with the reinforced material Closing the door and windows properly to avoid water Do nothing Securing house entrance to avoid debris Cleaning the house by draining Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Fixing things Cleaning the canal surroundings the house Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Social Cleaning the house and surroundings Continue patrolling the neighborhood Helping other’s community member in doing work Guarding the house to ensure safety belongings Searching relief materials Evacuating the family, especially children and elderly to the safer place, Preparing temporary place at friend’s or relative’s place Preparing place for storage at the higher place Cleaning the canal surroundings the house Interview (using questionnaires) with households. What are the factors that influence the selecting adaptive strategies? Physical Infrastructure Geographic Location Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Economics Status of Property Income Occupation Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Social Household’s size Household’s structure Interview (using questionnaires) with households. What have done by local government to cope the flood in term of reducing the impact of the flood event? Structural Build dykes, Build dam, Build reservoir, Improve infiltration of rainfall into the ground. Interview with local institutions which have duties related to disaster coping mechanism Non structural An early warning system Regulation Interview with local institutions which have duties related to disaster coping mechanism The sample was chosen from households affected by coastal erosion/flooding and the ones who knew the details of adaptation strategies. A sample of 40 households was selected randomly.